Bibliography

Books in English

Prosperity through Trade and Structural Reform, Festschrift in honour of Per Magnus Wijkman, edited by Emil Ems and Thorvaldur Gylfason (Dialogos, Stockholm, 2018, 356 pages).
Beyond the Curse: Policies to Harness the Power of Natural Resources, edited by Rabah Arezki, Thorvaldur Gylfason, and Amadou Sy (International Monetary Fund, 2011, 275 pages).
Nordics in Global Crisis (with Bengt Holmström, Sixten Korkman, Hans Tson Söderström, and Vesa Vihriala), The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy (ETLA), Taloustieto Oy, Helsinki, 2010, 264 pages.
Principles of Economic Growth, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999, 188 pages.
Understanding Economic Growth, SNS Förlag, Stockholm, 1998, 239 pages.
The Swedish Model under Stress: A View from the Stands (with Torben Andersen, Seppo Honkapohja, Arne Jon Isachsen, and John Williamson), SNS Förlag, Stockholm, 1997, 157 pages.
The Macroeconomics of European Agriculture, Princeton Studies in International Finance, No. 78, International Finance Section, Princeton University, Princeton, N. J., 1995, 51 pages.
Understanding the Market Economy (with Arne Jon Isachsen and Carl B. Hamilton), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1992, 243 pages. In Icelandic translation.
Credit Policy and Economic Activity in Developing Countries with IMF Stabilization Programs, Princeton Studies in International Finance, No. 60, International Finance Section, Princeton University, 1987, 39 pages.

Books in Icelandic

Icelandic Songbook (Íslenska söngvabókin), 39 songs for high voice and piano set to poems by Kristján Hreinsson, with English translations, Ísalög, Reykjavík, 2023, 250 pages.
Five Seasons (Fimm árstíðir), 5 songs for high voice and piano set to poems by Snorri Hjartarson, with English translations, Ísalög, Reykjavík, 2020, 34 pages.
Poets Apart (Skáldaskil), a trilogy in six acts, Skrudda, Reykjavík, 2020, 258 pages.
Watershed (Tímamót), roman à clef by Thorsteinn Gíslason with an introduction by Thorvaldur Gylfason (eds. Anna K. Bjarnadóttir and Thorvaldur Gylfason), Skrudda, Reykjavík, 2020, 280 pages.
Soaring Birds (Svífandi fuglar), 15 songs for high voice, piano, and cello set to poems by Kristján Hreinsson, with English translations, Gutti, Reykjavík, 2019, 100 pages.
Soaring Birds (Svífandi fuglar), 15 songs for low voice, piano, and cello set to poems by Kristján Hreinsson,with English translations, Gutti, Reykjavík, 2019, 100 pages.
Clean Slate (Hreint borð), collection of 69 articles on constitutional matters, published in collaboration with the Constitutional Society, Gutti, Reykjavík, 2012, 150 pages. Also available in a longer version as an ebook.
Two Worlds (Tveir heimar), collection of 168 articles, Iceland University Press, Reykjavík, 2005.
The Future Is Another Country (Framtíðin er annað land), collection of 42 essays on economics and related subjects, with introduction, Iceland University Press, Reykjavík, 2001, 368 pages.
Trade for Gain (Viðskiptin efla alla dáð), collection of 36 essays on economics and related subjects, Heimskringla, Language and Culture, Reykjavík, 1999, 359 pages.
To Build a Nation (Að byggja land), three television programs dealing with aspects of the history of economic ideas in Iceland, Iceland University Press, Reykjavík, 1998, 78 pages. Also available on videotape and DVD.
High Time (Síðustu forvöð), collection of 21 essays on economic theory and policy, with introduction, Iceland University Press, Reykjavík, 1995, 237 pages.
Efficiency and Fairness (Hagkvæmni og réttlæti), collection of 32 essays on economic theory and policy, Icelandic Literature Society, Reykjavík, 1993, 225 pages.
Understanding the Market Economy (Markaðsbúskapur, with Arne Jon Isachsen and Carl B. Hamilton), Heimskringla, Language and Culture, Reykjavík, 1994, 286 pages.
Political Economy and Culture (Hagfræði, stjórnmál og menning), collection of 30 essays on economic theory and policy, Icelandic Literature Society, Reykjavík, 1991, 203 pages.
Public Interest (Almannahagur), collection of 75 essays on economic theory and policy, Icelandic Literature Society (est. 1816), Reykjavík, 1990, 458 pages.

Books in Swedish

The Swedish Model under Stress: A View from the Stands (I otakt med omvärlden? Svensk ekonomi i ett internationellt perspektiv), (with Torben Andersen, Seppo Honkapohja, Arne Jon Isachsen, and John Williamson), SNS Förlag, Stockholm, 1997, 160 pages.
Understanding the Market Economy (Omställning till marknad), (with Arne Jon Isachsen and Carl B. Hamilton), SNS Förlag, Stockholm, 1994, 267 pages.

Books in other languages

Il canzoniere italiano (The Italian Songbook), in Italian, 24 songs set to poems by Kristján Hreinsson translated by Olga Clausen), Ísalög, Reykjavík, 2022.

Understanding the Market Economy (with Arne Jon Isachsen and Carl B. Hamilton), also available or forthcoming in fifteen other languages:

Norwegian (Omstilling til marked. Ökonomiske utfordringer), Oslo University Press, Oslo, 1992;
Lithuanian (in a shorter version), Alna Litera, Vilnius, 1992;
Latvian, Zinatne, Latvian Academy of Sciences, Riga, 1992;
Polish, Solidarity, Gdansk, 1992;
Danish (Indføring i markedsøkonomi), Gad, Copenhagen, 1993;
Russian, West Publishing, Moscow, 1993;
Albanian, European Free Trade Association, Geneva, 1994;
Estonian, Stragest, Tallinn, 1994;
Slovakian, Open Windows, Bratislava, 1994;
Bulgarian, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1994;
Hungarian, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1995;
Romanian, European Free Trade Association, Geneva, 1995;
Chinese (special), Commercial Press, Beijing, 1996;
Chinese (classical), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999.

Journal articles in English

To grow or not to grow: Belarus and Lithuania (with Eduard Hochreiter), Comparative Economic Studies, March 2023.
Remembering Assar Lindbeck, Challenge, 2022.
Awakening from the Chinese dream (ásamt Arne Jon Isachsen), Challenge, janúar-apríl 2022.
Africa´s growth prospects are good, Challenge, January-February 2020.
From equality, democracy, and public health to economic prosperity, ifo DICE Report 2/2019.
Diversification, social capital, and economic growth, Ekonomicheskii zhurnal Vysshei shkoly ekonomiki (Economic Journal of the Higher School of Economics, forthcoming).
Political economy, Mr. Churchill, and natural resources, Mineral Economics, February 2018.
From double diversification to efficiency and growth, Comparative Economic Studies, September 2017.
Negative interest, The American Economist, October 2017.
Iceland´s new constitution is not solely a local concern, Challenge, December 2016.
The EU’s open arms and small states, Nordicum-Mediterraneum: Icelandic E-Journal of Nordic and Mediterranean Studies, May 2016.
Around the world with Irving Fisher (with Helgi Tómasson and Gylfi Zoega), North American Journal of Economics and Finance, February 2016.
Social capital, inequality, and economic crisis, Challenge, July 2015.
Filling the institutional vacuum in Eastern Europe (with Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso and Per Magnus Wijkman), Eastern Partnership Review No. 21, May 2015.
Free trade agreements, institutions and exports of Eastern Partnership countries (with Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso and Per Magnus Wijkman), Journal of Common Market Studies, June 2015.
Can free trade help convert the ’Arab Spring’ into permanent peace and democracy? (with Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso and Per Magnus Wijkman), Defence and Peace Economics, March 2014.
A tale of two debtors: Iceland, Ireland — and their banks, Milken Insititute Review, April 2013.
Resource rents, democracy and corruption: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa (with Rabah Arezki), Journal of African Economies, January 2013.
Constitutions: Financial crisis can lead to change, Challenge, September-October 2012.
Growing together: Croatia and Latvia (with Eduard Hochreiter), Comparative Economic Studies, June 2011.
Iceland: After the fall, Milken Insititute Review, First Quarter, 2010.
Growing apart? A tale of two republics: Estonia and Georgia (with Eduard Hochreiter), European Journal of Political Economy, June 2009.
A golden rule of depreciation (with Gylfi Zoega), Economics Letters, September 2007.
The international economics of natural resources and growth, Minerals and Energy, June 2007.
Why Europe works less and grows taller, Challenge, January-February 2007.
Natural resources and economic growth: The role of investment (with Gylfi Zoega), World Economy, August 2006.
How do India and China grow?, Challenge, January-February 2006.
Interview with Assar Lindbeck, Macroeconomic Dynamics, February 2006.
To grow or not to grow: Why institutions must make a difference, CESifo DICE Report, Summer 2004.
Monetary and fiscal management, finance, and growth, Empirica, No. 2-3, 2004.
To grow or not to grow: Is Africa different? No, MEFMI Forum, March 2004.
Education, social equality and economic growth: A view of the landscape (with Gylfi Zoega), CESifo Economic Studies, December 2003.
The real exchange rate always floats, Australian Economic Papers, December 2002.
Mother Earth: Ally or adversary?, World Economics, January-March 2002.
Does inflation matter for growth? (with Tryggvi Thor Herbertsson), Japan and the World Economy, December 2001.
Nature, power, and growth, Scottish Journal of Political Economy, November 2001.
Ownership and growth (with Tryggvi Thor Herbertsson and Gylfi Zoega), World Bank Economic Review, October 2001.
Natural resources, education, and economic development, European Economic Review, May 2001.
Fix or flex? Alternative exchange rate regimes in an era of global capital mobility, North American Journal of Economics and Finance, December 2000.
Resources, agriculture, and economic growth in economies in transition, Kyklos, 4, 2000.
Growing apart, Journal of World Trade, August 2000.
A mixed blessing: Natural resources and economic growth (with Tryggvi Thor Herbertsson and Gylfi Zoega), Macroeconomic Dynamics, June 1999.
Exports, inflation, and economic growth, World Development, June 1999.
Unemployment, efficiency, and economic growth: The case of Finland, Ekonomiska samfundets tidskrift, 3, 1998.
Output gains from economic stabilization, Journal of Development Economics, June 1998.
Prospects for liberalization of trade in agriculture, Journal of World Trade, February 1998.
Reforms in Eastern Europe, Journal of World Trade, June 1995.
The interaction of monetary policy and wages (with Assar Lindbeck), Public Choice, April 1994.
Optimal saving, interest rates, and endogenous growth, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, December 1993.
The pros and cons of fishing fees: The case of Iceland (also in French, German, and Norwegian), EFTA Bulletin 3/4, European Free Trade Association, Geneva, 1992.
Understanding the market economy – Aspects of planning (with Arne Jon Isachsen and Carl B. Hamilton), Journal of World Trade, October 1992.
Privatization in Central and Eastern Europe (with Arne Jon Isachsen and Carl B. Hamilton), Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken Quarterly Review, No. 1/2, 1992.
Does devaluation make sense in the least developed countries? (with Marian Radetzki), Economic Development and Cultural Change, October 1991. (Lead article.)
Inflation, growth, and external debt: A view of the landscape, World Economy, September 1991.
Iceland on the outskirts of Europe: The common property resource problem, EFTA Bulletin 2, European Free Trade Association, Geneva, 1991.
Wages, money, and exchange rates with endogenous unions and governments (with Assar Lindbeck), Journal of Policy Modeling, Fall 1990.
Inflation and economic stagnation: A coincidence?, Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken Quarterly Review, No. 2, 1989.
Does exchange rate policy matter? European Economic Review, February/March 1987.
Endogenous unions and governments: A game-theoretic approach (with Assar Lindbeck), European Economic Review, February 1986. (Lead article.)
Does devaluation make sense? (also in Swedish), Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken Quarterly Review, No. 2, 1986.
Does devaluation improve the current account? (with Ole Risager), European Economic Review, June 1984.
Union rivalry and wages: An oligopolistic approach (with Assar Lindbeck), Economica, May 1984.
Competing wage claims, cost inflation, and capacity utilization (with Assar Lindbeck), European Economic Review, February 1984.
A synthesis of Keynesian, monetary, and portfolio approaches to flexible exchange rates (with John F. Helliwell), Economic Journal, December 1983.
Does devaluation cause stagflation? (with Michael Schmid), Canadian Journal of Economics, November 1983.
The political economy of cost inflation (with Assar Lindbeck), Kyklos, September 1982.
Interest rates, inflation, and the aggregate consumption function, Review of Economics and Statistics, May 1981.
A synthesis of monetary and Keynesian approaches to short-run balance-of-payments theory (with Jacob A. Frenkel and John F. Helliwell), Economic Journal, September 1980.
Fiscal policy, long-run stability, and aggregate supply, European Economic Review, May 1978.

Chapters in books in English

Extra Small Countries Can Flourish, in Hermann Oskarsson, Hans Ellefsen and Marjun Dalsgaard (eds.), For the Common Good. In Memory of Jóannes Jacobsen, Fróðskapur, Fróðskaparsetur Færeyja, Torshavn, 2023.
Different Choices, Divergent Paths: Poland and Ukraine (with Eduard Hochreiter and Tadeusz Kowalski), in Fault Lines After COVID-19 – Global Economic Challenges and Opportunities (eds. R. Aliber, M. Gudmundsson, and G. Zoega), Palgrave Macmillan 2023.
Individual Behavior and Collective Action: The Path to Iceland’s Financial Collapse (with Gylfi Zoega), in Luigi Paganetto (ritstj.), Capitalism, Global Change and Sustainable Development, Springer 2020.
Iceland´s New Constitution Is Not Solely a Local Concern, in Ágúst Th. Árnason and Catherine Dupre (eds.), Icelandic Constitutional Reform: People, Processes, Politics (2010-2017), Routledge 2020.
Ten Years After: Iceland´s Unfinished Business, in Robert Z. Aliber and Gylfi Zoega (eds.), The 2008 Global Financial Crisis in Retrospect, Palgrave, 2019.
Introduction, The New Icelandic Constitution: How Did It Come About? Where Is It?, Iðunn, Reykjavík, 2018.
Dutch Disease, in The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 3rd ed., 2018.
From Natural Resources to Human Rights, in Emil Ems and Thorvaldur Gylfason (eds.), Prosperity through Trade and Structural Reform, Festschrift in honour of Per Magnus Wijkman, Dialogos, Stockholm, 2018.
Foreword (with Emil Ems), in Emil Ems and Thorvaldur Gylfason (eds.), Prosperity through Trade and Structural Reform, Festschrift in honour of Per Magnus Wijkman, Dialogos, Stockholm, 2018.
Inequality Undermines Democracy and Growth, in Luigi Paganetto (ed.), Yearning for Inclusive Growth and Development, Good Jobs and Sustainability, Springer, 2019.
Introduction (with David Carrillo and Jón Ólafsson), The Icelandic Federalist Papers, Berkeley Public Policy Press, Berkeley, California, 2018.
The Dutch Disease in Reverse: Iceland’s Natural Experiment (with Gylfi Zoega), in Luigi Paganetto (ed.), Getting Globalization Right: Sustainability and Inclusive Growth in the post Brexit Age, Springer, 2018.
From economic diversification to growth, in Rabah Arezki, Raouf Boucekkine, Jeffrey Frankel, Mohammed Laksaci, and Rick van der Ploeg (eds.), Rethinking the Macroeconomics of Resource-Rich Countries, CEPR/VOXEU, 24 April 2018.
The anatomy of constitution making: From Denmark in 1849 to Iceland in 2017, in Gabriel Negretto (ed.), Redrafting Constitutions in Democratic Orders, Cambridge University Press, 2020.
Chain of legitimacy: Constitution making in Iceland, in Jon Elster, Roberto Gargarella, Vatsal Naresh, and Bjørn Erik Rasch (eds.), Constituent Assemblies, Cambridge University Press, 2018.
Efficiency, fairness, and social cohesion in Europe and the United States: Incomes, hours of work, and equality with an afterthought on Iceland, in Luigi Paganetto (ed.), Sustainable Growth in the EU: Challenges and Solutions, Springer, 2017 under a shorter title (“Incomes, Hours of Work, and Equality in Europe and the United States”).
Digital tools and the derailment of Iceland´s new constitution (with Anne Meuwese), forthcoming in Corien Prins, Peter Lindseth, Monica Guisse, and Colette Cuijpers (eds.), Digital Democracy in a Globalized World, Edward Elgar, 2017.
Which conflicts can the European Neighbourhood Policy help resolve? (with Per Magnus Wijkman), in Christensen, Bent Jesper, and Carsten Kowalczyk (eds.), Globalization: Strategies and Effects, Springer Verlag, 2017.
Consitution on ice, in Ingimundarson, Valur, Philipe Urfalino, and Irma Erlingsdóttir (eds.), Iceland’s Financial Crisis: The Politics of Blame, Protest, and Reconstruction, Routledge, London, England, 2016.
Social capital and crises with an application to Iceland, Ch. 1 in Makropolitik i kris: En vänskrift till Lars Jonung med anledning av hans 70-årsdag, Lund, 2016.
Diversification, Dutch disease, and economic growth: Options for Uganda (with Jean-Pascal Nguessa Nganou), in Mahroum, S., and Al-Saleh, Y. (eds.), Economic Diversification Policies in Natural Resource Rich Economies, Routledge, 2016.
Double diversification with an application to Iceland (with Per Magnus Wijkman), in Mahroum, S., and Al-Saleh, Y. (eds.), Economic Diversification Policies in Natural Resource Rich Economies, Routledge, 2016.
Negative interest, in Swedenborg, Birgitta (ed.), Swedish Economic Policy — Then, Now, and in the Future, a Festschrift for Professor Hans Tson Söderström, Dialogos, Stockholm, 2015. English version forthcoming in The American Economist, October 2017.
Iceland: How could this happen?, in Andersen, Torben M., Michael Bergman, and Svend E. Hougaard Jensen (eds.), Reform Capacity and Macroeconomic Performance in the Nordic Countries, Oxford University Press, 2015.
A decade of editing the European Economic Review (with Zvi Eckstein, Esther Gal-Or, Jürgen von Hagen og Gerard Pfann), Ch. 1 in Szenberg, Michael, and Lall Ramrattan (eds.), Shared Secrets of Economics Editors, MIT Press, 2014.
From collapse to constitution: The case of Iceland, in Paganetto, Luigi (ed.), Public Debt, Global Governance and Economic Dynamism, Springer, 2013.
Development and growth in mineral-rich countries: Why social policy matters, in Hujo, Katja (ed.), Mineral rents and the financing of social policy: Opportunities and challenges, Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
Resources and economic growth: Is Africa (Ghana) different?, in Policy Conference: Competitiveness & Diversification: Strategic Challenges in a Petroleum-Rich Economy, UNIDO, 2012.
Commodity price volatility, democracy and economic growth (with Rabah Arezki), in de La Grandville, Olivier (ed.), Frontiers of Economic Growth and Development, foreword by Robert M. Solow, Emerald, 2011.
Natural resource endowment: A mixed blessing?, in Arezki, Rabah, Thorvaldur Gylfason and Amadou Sy (eds.), Beyond the Curse: Policies to Harness the Power of Natural Resources, foreword by Christine Lagarde, International Monetary Fund, 2011.
Skating on thin ice?, in Aliber, Robert Z., and Gylfi Zoega (eds.), Preludes to the Icelandic Financial Crisis, Palgrave MacMillan, 2011.
Development and growth in mineral-rich countries, in Bleischwitz, Raimund, Paul J.J. Welfens, and ZhongXiang Zhang (eds.), Sustainable Growth and Resource Productivity: Economic and Global Policy Issues, Greenleaf-Publishing, London, 2009.
Dutch disease, in Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume (eds.), The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2008.
Determinants of economic growth: A comparative analysis of Estonia and Georgia (with Eduard Hochreiter), in Economic Transformation of Central and Eastern European Countries, Conference Proceedings, Faculty of Economics of Vilnius University, Lithuania, 2008.
Privatization, efficiency, and economic growth, in The Socio-Economic Transformation: Getting Closer to What?, eds. Zbigniew Nahorski, Jan W. Owsinski, and Tomasz Szapiro, Palgrave (MacMillan), London, 2007.
Institutions, human capital, and diversification of rentier economies, in Dead Ends of Transition: Rentier Economies and Protectorates, eds. Michael Dauderstädt and Arne Schildberg, Campus, Frankfurt/Main 2006.
The road from agriculture (with Gylfi Zoega), in Institutions for Development and Growth, eds. Theo Eicher og Cecilia García-Peñalosa, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2006.
Natural resources and economic growth: From dependence to diversification, in Economic Liberalization and Integration Policy: Options for Eastern Europe and Russia, eds. Harry G. Broadman, Tiiu Paas, and Paul J. J. Welfens, Springer, Heidelberg and Berlin, 2005.
Inequality and economic growth: Do natural resources matter? (with Gylfi Zoega), in Inequality and Growth: Theory and Policy Implications, eds. Theo Eicher and Stephen Turnovsky, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2003.
Lessons from the Dutch disease: Causes, treatment, and cures, in Paradox of Plenty: The Management of Oil Wealth, Report 12/02, ECON, Centre for Economic Analysis, Oslo, 2002.
Natural resources and economic growth: What is the connection?, in Fostering Sustainable Growth in Ukraine, eds. Stephan von Cramon-Taubadel and Iryna Akimova, Physica-Verlag (A Springer-Verlag Company), Heidelberg and New York, 2002.
Education, social equality, and economic growth: A view of the landscape (with Gylfi Zoega), in Education + Training => Knowledge + Innovation => Economic + Social Growth, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference organized by the Athens Institute for Education and Research, ed. Gregory T. Papanikos, Athens, 2001.
A Nordic perspective on natural resource abundance, in Resource Abundance and Economic Development, ed. Richard M. Auty, Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York, 2001.
Nordic integration and European integration, in Regionalism in Europe: Geometries and Strategies After 2000, ed. Jürgen von Hagen and Mika Widgrén, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Dordrecht, and London, 2001.
Natural resources and economic growth: A Nordic perspective on the Dutch disease, in Macroeconomic Policy: Iceland in an Era of Global Integration, ed. Mar Gudmundsson, Tryggvi Thor Herbertsson, and Gylfi Zoega, Iceland University Press, Reykjavík, 2000.
Privatization, efficiency, and economic growth, in Economic Transformation and Integration: Problems, Arguments, Proposals, ed. R. Kulikowski, Z. Nahorski, and J.W. Owsinski, Systems Research Institute, Warsaw, 1998.
Iceland (with others), Collier’s Encyclopedia, Vol. 12, 1997.
Structural adjustment, efficiency, and economic growth, Ch. 8 in The Transition to a Market Economy: Transformation and Reform in the Baltic States, ed. Tarmo Haavisto, Edward Elgar, London, 1997.
Integration between East and West: How deep? How soon?, in 35 Years of Free Trade in Europe: Messages for the Future, ed. Emil Ems, European Free Trade Association, Geneva, 1995.
Optimal saving, interest rates, and endogenous growth, in Endogenous Growth, ed. Torben M. Andersen and Karl O. Moene, Blackwell, Oxford, 1993.
Output gains from economic liberalization: A simple formula, Ch. 4 in The Political Economy of the Transition Process in Eastern Europe, ed. Laszlo Somogyi, Edward Elgar, London, 1993.
Iceland on the outskirts of Europe: The common property resource problem, in EFTA Countries in a Changing Europe, European Free Trade Association, Geneva, 1991.
Exchange rate policy, inflation, and unemployment: The Nordic EFTA countries, Ch. 4 in Victor Argy and Paul de Grauwe (eds.), Choosing an Exchange Rate Regime: The Challenge for Smaller Industrial Countries, International Monetary Fund, 1990.

Short articles, comments, and discussion in English

G7 versus the BRICS: taking stock in 12 figures, Social Europe, October 2023.
Odious assets, Milken Institute Review, May 2023.
A tale of two countries: Belarus and Lithuania (ásamt Eduard Hochreiter), Social Europe, 16 May 2023.
Norway: it´s time for a more ethical exploitation of O&G resources (with Arne Jon Isachsen, also in Italian), RiEnergia, 3 May 2023.
Ukraine’s future prosperity: What can be learned from Poland (with Eduard Hochreiter and Tadeusz Kowalski), VoxEU, 22 March 2023.
Production and democracy, VoxEU, February 2023.
Putting oil profits to global benefit (witht Arne Jon Isachsen), Finance and Development, December 2022.
Russia: Plus ça change…, Milken Institute Review, September 2022.
Democracy in Iceland, VoxEU, 31 March 2021. Also in Social Europe 31 March 2021.
Germany bows to Keynes, again, Social Europe, 5 January 2021.
Assar Lindbeck: An appreciation, Social Europe, 21 September 2020.
Too closed for comfort (with Arne Jon Isachsen), VoxEU, 22 April 2020.
Reversing the retreat of democracy: The case of Iceland, VoxEU, 19 February 2020.
Foreword to Icelandic Folktales with paintings by Guðni Harðarson, June 2019. The book is also available in Icelandic and Chinese.
Supply-side climate policy in Norway: Comment, Nordic Economic Policy Review, 2019.
Iceland´s ongoing constitutional fight, Verfassungsblog, 29 November 2018.
Why inequality matters, Social Europe, 26 November 2018.
Demographic change and inequality trends in the Nordic countries: Comment, Nordic Economic Policy Review, 2018.
Life-and-death inequality, Project Syndicate, 5 October 2017.
Comments on Faroese constitution bill, 24 August 2017.
Sweden: From achievements to uncertainty, Social Europe, 26 July 2017.
Democracy must prevail, always, Social Europe, 22 June 2017.
Democracy under stress, Social Europe, 29 May 2017.
Spineless social democracy, Social Europe, 5 April 2017.
Double diversification (with Per Magnus Wijkman), VoxEU.org, 6 February 2017.
Iceland and Ireland, eight years on, Milken Institute Review, 25 August 2016.
Economic performance in two dimensions: How Europe beats the US, VoxEU.org, 22 August 2016.
Iceland’s citizen constitution: The window remains wide open, www.verfassungsblog.de.
Misnomers (with Helgi Tómasson and Gylfi Zoega), VoxEU.org, 24 March 2016.
Iceland´s seven meager years, VoxEU.org, 26 November 2015.
Filling the institutional gap in Eastern Europe (with Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso and Per Magnus Wijkman), Eastern Partnership Review No. 21, May 2015.
From constitutional reform to fortified democracy, VoxEU.org, 16 April 2015.
Preface, Natural Resources and Economic Growth: Learning from History (eds. Marc Badia-Miró, Vicente Pinilla, and Henry Willebald), Routledge, 2015.
Making a democratic constitution, Democratic Audit UK, London School of Economics, 28 October 2014.
A way out of the Ukrainian quagmire (with Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso and Per Magnus Wijkman), VoxEU.org, 14 June 2014.
Meeting Russia’s challenge to EU’s Eastern Partnership (with Per Magnus Wijkman), VoxEU.org, 25 January 2014.
Democracy in Africa, Africagrowth Agenda, October-December 2013.
Democracy in Africa, VoxEU.org, 17 November 2013.
Putsch: Iceland‘s crowd-sourced constitution killed by parliament, www.verfassungsblog.de and truth-out.org.
Productivity differences in Nordic hospitals: Can we learn from Finland?, Comment on a paper by Clas Rehnberg, Nordic Economic Policy Review, January 2013.
Iceland, rising from the ashes, Prosperity Index, Legatum Institute, 2012.
Can the EU mobilise resources for peace in its neighbourhood? (with Per Magnus Wijkman), VoxEU.org, 4 November 2012.
Constitution making in action: The case of Iceland, VoxEU.org, 1 November 2012.
Beyond the curse: Policies to harness the power of natural resources (with Rabah Arezki and Amadou Sy), Africagrowth Agenda, October-December 2012.
Beyond the curse: Policies to harness the power of natural resources (with Rabah Arezki and Amadou Sy), VoxEU.org, 8 July 2012.
Finance and constitutions, VoxEU.org, 11 Apríl 2012.
Crowds and constitutions, VoxEU.org, 13 October 2011.
From crisis to constitution, VoxEU.org, 11 October 2011.
Oil-spill economics: How Ghana can succeed, Africagrowth Agenda, April-June 2011.
Oil-spill economics: How Ghana can succeed, VoxEU.org, 27 March 2011.
Dayton’s unfinished business (with Per Magnus Wijkman), VoxEU.org, 3 January 2011.
Economic integration as a Balkan peace project (with Per Magnus Wijkman), VoxEU.org, 1 January 2011.
Growing together: Croatia and Latvia (with Eduard Hochreiter), VoxEU.org, 8 December 2010.
Trade in loot (with Per Magnus Wijkman), VoxEU.org, 13 November 2010.
When life imitates art: Mel Brooks and the bankers, Africagrowth Agenda, 2010.
Mel Brooks and the bankers, VoxEU.org, 18 August 2010.
Iceland’s special investigations: The plot thickens, VoxEU.org, 30 April 2010.
Turkey’s road to Europe (with Per Magnus Wijkman), VoxEU.org, 24 April 2010.
Eleven lessons from Iceland, VoxEU.org, 13 January 2010.
The Nordics in the global crisis (with Bengt Holmström, Sixten Korkman, Hans Tson Söderström, and Vesa Vihriälä), VoxEU.org, 10 January 2010.
Iceland: After the Fall, Milken Institute Review, First Quarter 2010.
Governance, Iceland, and the IMF, VoxEU.org, September 2009.
Is Iceland too small?, VoxEU.org, August 2009.
Iceland warms to Europe, VoxEU.org, July 2009.
A less-is-more growth strategy for Africa, Project Syndicate, 2009.
How many monies does Africa need?, VoxEU.org, May 2009, and Africagrowth Agenda, 2009.
The Phillips Curve at fifty: Introduction (with Dennis J. Snower), European Economic Review, November-December 2008.
Governance and growth: Why does Georgia lag behind Estonia? (with Eduard Hochreiter), VoxEU.org, 2 August 2008.
Iceland´s blend of old and new, VoxEU.org, 10 July 2008.
Oil management: Norway’s example, Africagrowth Agenda, 2008.
Norway’s Wealth: Not Just Oil, VoxEU.org, 6 June 2008.
Skating on thin ice?, VoxEU.org, 7 April 2008.
When Iceland was Ghana, VoxEU.org, 25 January 2008, and Africagrowth Agenda, April-June 2008.
Dwindling fish: What’s the catch?, VoxEU.org, 16 January 2008.
The price of petrol: Getting it right, Africagrowth Agenda, 2007.
Growing apart: Zambia and Thailand, Africagrowth Agenda, 2007.
A tribute to the founders (with Z. Eckstein, E. Gal-Or, G. A. Pfann, and J. von Hagen), European Economic Review, 2006.
The Dutch disease: Lessons from Norway, Contact, a quarterly magazine published by The Trinidad Tobago Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 2006.
Legal-political factors and the historical evolution of the finance-growth link: Comment on a paper by Michael D. Bordo and Peter L. Rousseau, appeared in Working Paper No. 107, Österreichische Nationalbank, 2006.
New monopsony, institutions and training: Comment on a paper by Alison L. Booth, Marco Francesconi, and Gylfi Zoega, in Labour Market Adjustments in Europe, eds. J. Messina, C. Michelacci, J. Turunen, and G. Zoega, Edward Elgar Publishing, London, 2006.
The potential consequences of alternative exchange rate regimes – A study of three candidate regions: Comment, appeared in publications from the Banco Central de Chile and Österreichische Nationalbank, Working Paper No. 76, 2002.
The welfare state and economic incentives: Discussion, in Macroeconomic Perspectives on the Danish Economy, eds. Torben M. Andersen, Svend E. H. Jensen, and Ole Risager, MacMillan, London, 1999.
The economics of poverty in poor countries, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, March 1998.
A domino theory of regionalism, in Expanding Membership of the European Union, ed. Richard E. Baldwin, Pertti Haaparanta, and Jaakko Kiander, Cambridge University Press and CEPR, 1995.
EFTA countries, in Reviving the European Union, ed. C. Randall Henning, Edi Hochreiter, and Gary Clyde Hufbauer, Institute for International Economics, Washington, D.C., 1994.
Achieving an integrated Europe, in Patterns of Production and Trade in the New Europe, European Free Trade Association, Geneva, 1993.
Saving, investment, and the current account, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, June 1992. Also in Savings Behavior: Theory, International Evidence and Policy Implications, ed. Erkki Koskela and Jouko Paunio, Blackwell, Oxford, 1992.
Policy coordination in the EMS with stochastic asymmetries, in Financial Regulation and Monetary Arrangements after 1992, Contributions to Economic Analysis No. 204, ed. Clas Wihlborg, Michele Fratianni, and Thomas D. Willett, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1991.
Introduction, European Economic Review, April 1991.
Workers vs. government, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, June 1985.
Counter-inflationary policy in a unionized economy, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, June 1985.
Profitability and growth, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, June 1982.

Articles in Icelandic

“Miracle on two feet” – Conversation with Garðar Cortes, Andvari, 2024.
Extra small countries can flourish, Tímarit Máls og menningar, 2024, 1.
Introduction, Tímamót (Watershed), historical roman à clef by Thorsteinn Gíslason, poet and editor (1867-1938), Skrudda, 2020.
Twelve Years After: Iceland´s Unfinished Business, Tímarit Máls og menningar, 2020, 2.
Double take, Nýtt Helgakver (Festschrift for Professor Helgi Skúli Kjartansson, eds. Guðmundur Jónsson, Gunnar Karlsson, Ólöf Garðarsdóttir, and Þórður Helgason), 2019.
Parallel cases, Tímarit Máls og menningar, 2018, 1.
Social capital, economic hardship, and Iceland, Tímarit Máls og menningar, 2017, 1.
Constitution on ice, Skírnir, journal of the Icelandic Literary Society, spring 2015.
Interview with Thráinn Bertelsson, Tímarit Máls og menningar, 2014, 4.
Songs my father taught me, Tímarit Máls og menningar, 2013, 3 and 4.
After the fall: A new constitution, Skírnir, journal of the Icelandic Literary Society, spring 2012.
Economics in Iceland: Breaking the path, Skírnir, journal of the Icelandic Literary Society, autumn 2011.
The picture of President Jón, Andvari, 2011.
Icelandic lullaby by Halldór Laxness, Tímarit Máls og menningar, 2010, 3.
What does the law say? Common property resources as human rights, Ragnarsbók (Festschrift for Ragnar Aðalsteinsson), 2009.
Lessons from economic developments and economic policy in Iceland in th 20th century, Saga, 2009.
When Iceland was Ghana, Þróunarmál, 2008.
Europe: Less work, more growth, Skírnir, journal of the Icelandic Literary Society, spring 2007.
Opposite views, chapter in a conference volume published by the Institute for International Affairs, University of Iceland, 2007.
Awakening giants: India and China, Skírnir, journal of the Icelandic Literary Society, autumn 2006.
Growth to measure, Hagmál, 2006.
Economic policy, finance, and growth, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), January-June 2005.
The real exchange rate floats, even if the nominal exchange rate is fixed, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), January-June, 2002.
Should exchange rates be fixed or flexible? Alternative exchange rate arrangements under perfect capital mobility, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), July-December 2001.
Growing apart, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), 2000.
Natural wealth, exports, and Europe, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), January-June 1999.
Economic policy and growth prospects at the turn of the century, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), July-December 1998.
Agricultural protection: No relief in sight yet?, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), July-December 1997.
The trail-blazer, in Who is who in economics and business administration? (Viðskipta- og hagfræðingatal), 1997.
Exports, inflation, and economic growth, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), January-June 1996.
Trade between East and West: How free? How soon?, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), July-December 1995.
Reforms in the East, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), January-June 1995.
Farm protection in Europe: What it costs and where it leads, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), January-June 1994.
The Nordic economies in crisis: What went wrong?, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), August-December 1993.
Economic growth and external debt, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), May-July 1993.
Banks: From public to private ownership, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), January-April 1993.
Privatization in Central and Eastern Europe, with Arne Jon Isachsen and Carl B. Hamilton), Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), August-December 1992.
Output gains from economic liberalization: A simple formula, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), August-December 1992.
Fishing fees and exchange rates, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), January-April 1992.
Finance and culture, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), May-July 1991.
Iceland on the outskirts of Europe: A common property resource at stake?, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), January-April 1991.
Exchange rate policy, inflation, and unemployment: The Experience of the Nordic EFTA countries, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), January-April 1990.
Inflation, growth, and external debt, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), May-August 1989.
Exchange rate policy and inflation, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), May-August 1988.
Economics since Keynes: A positive science?, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), May-August 1988.
Should a currency be devalued?, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), January-April 1986.
Recent developments in macroeconomics, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), January-April 1985.
The role of government and labor in resistance against inflation, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), January-April 1984.
Wage claims and cost inflation, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), August-December 1981.
Inflation, interest, and economic activity, Central Bank of Iceland Financial Bulletin (Fjármálatíðindi), August-December 1978.

Articles in Swedish

Remembering Assar, Ekonomisk Debatt, No. 2, 2021.
Negative interest, in Birgitta Swedenborg (ed.), Swedish Economic Policy — Then, Now, and in the Future, a Festschrift for Professor Hans Tson Söderström, Dialogos, Stockholm, 2015.
Evaluation of university programs in economics (ásamt David Collste, Ing-Marie Gren, Siv Gustafsson, Lars Hultkrantz, Charlie Karlsson, Agneta Kruse, Johan Lindén, Michael Lundholm, Robert Lundmark, Tobias Lundquist, Paul Nystedt, Elisabet Olme, Peder Pedersen, Christian Schultz, Anna Thoursie, and Ann Veiderpass), Ekonomisk Debatt, No. 5, 2012.
Interview with Assar Lindbeck, Ekonomisk Debatt, No. 7, 2005.
Nature and growth, Ekonomisk Debatt, No. 7, 2001.
It doesn’t have to take that long, Företag och samhälle, 3/97.
Sweden: A view from the stands, Företag och samhälle, 1/97.
The finance plan and economic policy, Ekonomisk Debatt 1, 1997.
The alphabet of economic growth, in Jan Herin (ed.), Looking for the Factor X (På jakt efter faktor X), Swedish Employers’ Association, Stockholm, 1996.
Reforms in the East, in Economic Policy, Festschrift for Assar Lindbeck, SNS Förlag, Stockholm, 1995.
Swedish exchange rate policy in an international perspective: Comment, in Devaluation 1982, ed. Lars Jonung, SNS Förlag, Stockholm, 1991.
Inflation and economic stagnation: A coincidence?, Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken Quarterly Review, No. 2, 1989.
The finance plan and economic policy, Ekonomisk Debatt 3, 1987.
Stabilization policy in small open economies: Comment, Yearbook, Nordic Economic Research Council, 1986.
Does devaluation make sense?, Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken Quarterly Review, No. 2, 1986.
Inflation and the labor market organizations, Nationaløkonomisk tidsskrift, No. 3, 1984.
The co-responsibility of government and labor market organizations for inflation and unemployment, Nationaløkonomisk tidsskrift, No. 3, 1984.

Articles in other languages

Iceland and the Art of Not Becoming Stuck (in Finnish), Chydenius, maí 2012.
The international economics of natural resources and growth (in Russian), Ekonomicheskii zhurnal Vysshei shkoly ekonomiki (Economic Journal of the Higher School of Economics), September 2008.
Resources, agriculture, and economic growth in economies in transition (in Russian), Journal of the Institute for Privatization and Management, September 2002.
Mother Earth: Ally or adversary? (in Norwegian), in Hva gjør oljepengene med oss? (What Does Our Oil Wealth Do to Us?), ed. Arne Jon Isachsen, Oslo, 2002.
Natural resources and economic growth: What is the connection? (also in Ukrainian), in Fostering Sustainable Growth in Ukraine, eds. Stephan von Cramon-Traubadel and Iryna Akimova, Physica-Verlag (A Springer-Verlag Company), Heidelberg, Berlin, and New York, 2002.
Nature, power, and growth (in Russian), Ekonomicheskii zhurnal Vysshei shkoly ekonomiki (Economic Journal of the Higher School of Economics), Vol. 5, No. 4, 2001. (Lead article.)
Icelandic economists: Have they made a difference? A personal view (in Danish), Nationaløkonomisk tidsskrift, 3/2000.
The pros and cons of fishing fees: The case of Iceland (in French, German, and Norwegian), EFTA Bulletin 3/4, 1992.
Central planning: How did the system work? (in Norwegian, with Arne Jon Isachsen and Carl B. Hamilton), Nordisk Östforum, 1992.
Iceland on the outskirts of Europe (in French, German, and Norwegian), EFTA Bulletin 2, 1991.
Iceland and Europe (in Danish), Nordisk tidsskrift, No. 1, 1988.

Research in progress

Icelandic fisheries management: Fees vs. quotas (with Martin Weitzman), presented at a conference on Small Island Economies at Harvard University 20 May 2002, and circulated as CEPR Discussion Paper No. 3849, March 2003.
Small states in the global economy: What are the issues?, presented at a conference on Small Island Economies at Harvard University 20 May 2002.
Icelandic economists: Have they made a difference? A personal view, Working Paper No. W97:01, Institute of Economic Studies, University of Iceland, 1997. Danish version published in Nationaløkonomisk tidsskrift, 2000.
Okun’s Law and labor-market rigidity: The case of Sweden, SNS Occasional Paper No. 79, 1997.

Reports

SGI – Sustainable Governance Indicators: Iceland Report (with Grétar Þór Eyþórsson and Detlef Jahn), Bertelsmann Foundation, Berlin, 2020.
SGI – Sustainable Governance Indicators: Iceland Report (with Grétar Þór Eyþórsson and Detlef Jahn), Bertelsmann Foundation, Berlin, 2019.
SGI – Sustainable Governance Indicators: Iceland Report (with Grétar Þór Eyþórsson and Detlef Jahn), Bertelsmann Foundation, Berlin, 2018.
SGI – Sustainable Governance Indicators: Iceland Report (with Grétar Þór Eyþórsson and Detlef Jahn), Bertelsmann Foundation, Berlin, 2017.
SGI – Sustainable Governance Indicators: Iceland Exp ert Report (with Grétar Þór Eyþórsson), Bertelsmann Foundation, Berlin, 2016.
SGI – Sustainable Governance Indicators: Iceland Expert Report (with Grétar Þór Eyþórsson), Bertelsmann Foundation, Berlin, 2010.
Growing Apart? A Tale of Two Republics: Estonia and Georgia (with Eduard Hochreiter), International Monetary Fund, Working Paper No. 2008/235.
SGI – Sustainable Governance Indicators: Iceland Expert Report, Bertelsmann Foundation, Berlin, 2009.
Nature, power, and growth, ECON Report 3, ECON, Oslo, January 2000.
A cost-benefit analysis of exchange rate arrangements (with Patrick Honohan and Philip Lane), report for the European Commisson, unpublished, 1998.
Okun’s Law and labor-market rigidity: The case of Sweden, SNS Occasional Paper No. 79, 1997.
Exports, inflation, and growth, International Monetary Fund, Working Paper No. 1997/119.
The Nordic economies in crisis: What went wrong?, Report 2, Nordic Economic Research Council, 1995.
Three priorities for successful reform in Romania: An outside perspective on the problems of transition to a market economy in Romania (with Per Schreiner and Per Ronnås), report for the Government of Romania, sponsored by EFTA, unpublished, 1994. Also in Romanian.
The Path of Output from Plan to Market, International Monetary Fund, Working Paper No. 1994/071.
The effect of exchange rates on the balance of trade in ten industrial countries, International Monetary Fund, Departmental Memorandum, DM/78/90, 1978.
Interest, inflation, and unemployment, International Monetary Fund, Departmental Memorandum, DM/78/40, 1978.

Publications on music and theater in Icelandic

The jealous clown, Icelandic Opera Program (Leikskrá Íslensku óperunnar), 2008 (on Cav and Pag).
Hearts and minds, Lesbók Morgunblaðsins, September 2002 (deals with George Bernard Shaw and Tom Stoppard).
Verdi and Wagner: Mutual indifference, Lesbók Morgunblaðsins, January 2002.
Tchaikovsky and Eugene Onegin, Icelandic Opera Program (Leikskrá Íslensku óperunnar), 1993.
Opera: For whom?, Opera News (Óperublaðið), 1993.
Verdi and Wagner: What did they think of each other?, Opera News (Óperublaðið), 1992.
Verdi and Otello, Icelandic Opera Program (Leikskrá Íslensku óperunnar), 1992.
Rigoletto: One of the most popular operas of all times, Icelandic Opera Program (Leikskrá Íslensku óperunnar), 1991.
Opera news from New York, Opera News (Óperublaðið), 1990.
Leoncavallo and Pagliacci, Icelandic Opera Program (Leikskrá Íslensku óperunnar), 1989.
The most popular operas of all times, Opera News (Óperublaðið), 1988.
Verdi and Aida, Icelandic Opera Program (Leikskrá Íslensku óperunnar), 1986.

Published sheet music

Egilsstaðir, for voice and piano, set tour a poem by Hallgríms Helgason, Stundin, 24 September 2021.
Lótusblómasonnettan, for voice and piano, in Íslensk einsöngslög 4, Ísalög, Reykjavík, 2018.
Blessuð sértu borgin mín, for voice and piano, in Íslensk einsöngslög 8, Ísalög, Reykjavík, 2018.
Horses Were Baited —, for voice and piano, set to a poem by Guðmundur Böðvarsson, Tímarit Máls og menningar II, 2015.
Kissed by the Sun, for voice and piano, set to a poem by Guðmundur Böðvarsson, Tímarit Máls og menningar I, 2015.
Songs my father taught me, original composition set to a poem by Gylfi Th. Gíslason plus choral arrangements of two of his songs, Tímarit Máls og menningar III and IV, 2013.
When the calm rests, for mixed choir, set to a poem by Njörður P. Njarðvík, Skírnir, fall 2013.
Lullaby, for mixed choir, arrangement of song by Gylfi Th. Gíslason set to a poem by Halldór Laxness, Tímarit Máls og menningar III, 2010.
Swan, for mixed choir, original composition set to a poem by Einar Benediktsson, Tímarit Máls og menningar I, 2010.
Seven patriotic songs, for mixed choir, original compositions set to poems by six Icelandic poets, Skírnir, fall 2009.

Miscellaneous writings

About 1200 articles for newspapers and magazines, mainly Fréttablaðið and Morgunblaðið, Iceland´s largest daily newspapers, as well as DV, Stundin, Heimildin, and Vísbending, Iceland’s main weekly economic affairs magazine, and also foreign newspapers, namely Aftenposten (Oslo, Norway), Dagens Næringsliv (Oslo, Norway), Bergens Tidende (Bergen, Norway), Dagens Nyheter (Stockholm, Sweden), Sydsvenska Dagbladet (Malmö, Sweden), El Comercio (Lima, Peru), El Mercurio (Santiago, Chile), El Observador (Montevideo, Uruguay), El Panamá América (Panama City, Panama), and New Vision (Uganda); these are the main daily newspapers in the cities mentioned — in addition to a few other papers via Project Syndicate as well as in some internet publications, including Libertad digital in Madrid, Todito.com in Mexico, and Venezuela Analítica in Caracas.